Cross-content Lessons Essay Example for Free

Cross-content Lessons Essay Instructional design is very important towards the success or failure of children to understand the lessons that are thought by teachers. This essay will look at the instructional design of lessons for children ages 5 to 7, who have difficulty reading and studying mathematics. Designing a lesson has to do with a number of target related issues such as the level of the children, target practices and novel ways of ensuring that learning is top priority. Teachers have to be skilled enough to deal with children that bring to the classroom different learning habits and backgrounds; two factors that might impinge on their learning paces and study habits. READING LESSON: Standards – The standards set for the understanding of reading has to do with the importance of it. Mainly, the lesson should help to ensure that children by age 7 years can read fluently even in front of audiences. Their articulation habits and ways of pronunciation should be consistent with a child who has learnt how to read properly. Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: a) Pronounce words and read fluently. b) Learn how to spell words. c) Notice punctuation and learn how to use it. d) Make reading on of their pastimes. Lesson Plan and Practice – One hour of reading time is recommended after lunch or first session in the morning when children have been settled. Session 1: Learning about vowel sounds and other sounds. Intended to use the IBG Phonics tapes and voice over for children. For example, simple words like apple. Children need to understand that words are broken up into syllables. Rhyming sounds and simple sentence reading. Interestingly approaches to making out words and pronouncing them. Session 3: Spelling and recognition of words. Encouraging them to read out loudly, practice with parents or even do choral speaking sessions. Assessment – Allow children the opportunity to opportunity to engage in reading efforts and Spelling Bee competitions. a) Give the children a story to write and ask them to read it aloud in class. b) For written exams, test them on breaking words into syllables and spelling. Reflection – There are advantages and disadvantages of productive integrated instructional design. One major advantage is that the lesson structure is easy to follow and that one step leads to the other. There is supposed to be a natural progression even in the student’s mind. A disadvantage of this form of design is that sometimes the assessments are not a true indication of whether the student has learnt the art of reading. MATHEMATICS LESSON: Standards – Students should be able to do simple mathematical practices. It is important that they understand that mathematics is about knowing the principle behind formulas and practicing. Objectives – By the end of the lessons the students should be able to: a) Realize the different mathematical signs b) Understand the principle behind each of them and begin to practice working out sums. Lesson Plan and Practice – Children should at least spend quality time with the practice of mathematics. Following the lesson plan is important, but more interestingly is encouraging the student to practice the sums on their own. Session 1: Understanding the power of sums. Teaching simple adding and subtracting practices for example: If you have 10 marbles and John takes 3 marbles but puts back one marbles, how many marbles are you left with? Session 2: Understanding tables and learning them. Starting with the two times tables. Session 3: Division is tricky, so the student needs to know their tables properly first. Objects can be used to ensure that children can actually visualize the equation. Assessment Simple sums, for an end of term examination. For take home assignments, practicing sessions with parents. Reflection – This lesson design is easy to use and to follow. I believe that the best and most successful approach to learning is that the teacher spends time with each student or attempt to work in groups, so that the children can voice their challenges in grasping the formulas. A disadvantage to it is that a teacher must have a keen eye to know that the student does not understand the sum of the principle behind it. Reference Butt, Graham. 2006. Lesson Planning. Great Britain, Continuum International Publishing.

Young Offenders :: Free Essay Writer

Young Offenders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These days more and more young people are turning to crimes. These crimes are being committed by young offenders of all ages. The crimes they are committing are get even more and more serious and in the last five years the percentage of youngsters committing more crime has increase by more then 50%. Young offenders are committing these crimes because the know that the punishment is real weak. If you ask me most young offenders think the young offenders act is a JOKE, and trust me I am a young person I know just as other young people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A young offender is a person between the ages of 12-17. This person is a person who comities a crime and is given special rights. These right are less server then adults would get if they committee this same offenses.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many cases where a young offender has got off much easier then a adult and no punishment at all. In one case in particular â€Å"A boy who was 11 years old who has been in trouble with the law before took a girl with him to his apartment with his gang and then raped her. Then when the police arrived he said you can not touch me† . This to me is very sad first off because he is only 11 years old and he raped a girl but the thing I found most shocking and the rest off the media was that when the police arrived he told them that they could not touch him. Even though he did committee the crime and he should have been charged but sadly e was right. This young offenders knows that the young offenders act is a joke and that is why he committed the crime. He could care less about what he did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another case talking about the young offenders act is the James Bulger. â€Å" Had the murder of toddler James Bulger occurred in Canada, his killer would never been charged. Under the Canadian law, no child under the age of 12 can be charged with any criminal act, no matter how odious.† This was a cases which created a lot of heated discussion about the young offenders act. The discussion was that the young offenders act has to be more strictly and changes are need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In another case a teen was charged for a murder. â€Å"An 18-year-old was killed with a baseball bat Tuesday after he was trapped at the entrance to a chopping mall in Hamilton by six youths out settle a grudge against his younger

Project Management Essay

A. The Five Project Management Process Groups The five project management process groups begins with ‘The scoping process group’ which can also be referred to as the initiating process. The process includes all processes that relate to one question ‘What is the task?’ and ‘What do you need to do?’. Thus, NASA’s vision is to constantly develop flight technologies and from this NASA embarked on on the Autonomous Rotorcraft Project. The project entails developing an unmanned helicopter that ideally operates with the decision making skill of a piloted aircraft. The scoping process means that project management team can establish what is need to achieve the clients needs, in this project they include; -manoeuvre around obstacles without human supervision  -accomplish top level mission goals -conduct vehicle health management activities, which is diagnosing and fixing problems on the machine automatically – to be able to re plan the mission if unforeseen obstacles occur. Secondly is the process of project planning process relates to the question ‘How will you do it?’. The complexity of this process is unrealised as it requires technologies that are yet to be discovered. For example, just to travel from point A -B the autonomous helicopter will need to sense, classify and identify surrounding landmarks and then reconcile those landmarks with stored maps. It will then have to localise itself with those specific landmarks, rapidly compute a path that would keep it away from various oncoming obstacles and closely follow its chosen path. These ideas remain difficult in the project planning stage as there is a lack of available autonomous technologies and resources. Not only do NASA want to create an Autonomous Rotorcraft it also seeks to advance unmanned vehicle operations for future projects( Whalley, 2003). After the project planning process, comes the project launching process. This process includes all processes related to recruiting and organising the team and establishing operational rules. It also largely includes getting the project started. The project manager allowed the team members to incorporate changes and agree on their own responsibilities as it allows them to carry out their tasks in a more efficient manner. To ensure this was the case was to schedule regular demonstrations of the teams accomplishments, ensuring a specific amount of work was completed before it was presented. The monitoring process, includes all processes related to the ongoing work of the project. An example of this is the ARP project website that was created to keep information of the project so upper management and stakeholders are aware of the projects progression. The last process group is the closing process, this specially entails the notion of ‘How well did the project go?’ After the completion of the project, the project manager learned that the needs needed to be met of each team member and communicate individual responsibilities effectively. Whilst there was not too many on going challenges the project manager learned that the time spent scheduling flights took long than expected, it will be taken into consideration for the future to minimise any delays. B. Classify the project Risk: Is an integral part of this project. It usually includes; risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation and risk monitoring. Risk regarding project management is a future event which happens with probability and induces change. The autonomous rotorcraft is subject to risk, these can most commonly include delays which can create a loss for the project, and therefore subjecting the project to cost increases. Business Value: The notion of business value supports the companies strategic goals and meets user information requirements. Thus it needs to be a good investment for NASA. Consequently the autonomous rotorcraft is an investment for the organisation as it allows future developments to be based of this project for other differing autonomous vehicles. Duration: The duration of the project began in 2002 and was up for ARP teams nominations for 2005 project of the year. It has been flying autonomously since March 2004 and has been flight tested weekly for 30-60 minutes per flight. The system in the current Rotorcraft has been flown in the same configurations since November 2005. Complexity: The complexity of this project is very difficult as mentioned earlier, this is because the rotorcraft is unmanned and needs to make various decisions through its Linux based software. Technology: The technology used in the Autonomous Rotorcraft is complex and due to this faced many hardships and obstacles. The technology is complex. NASA’s mission was to extend its technology and expertise regarding automated systems. Specifically the project management team would create a flying laboratory consisting of technologies such as advanced flight controls, a reactive planner and an all digital camera system with tracking and passive ranging capabilities. The Autonomous rotorcraft is a Yamaha RMAX helicopter, which was selected as the project UAV platform. It was originally developed for remote control seeding and spraying and therefore was notably sturdy and reliable. Due to this numerous modifications were made to the rotorcraft to support autonomous operations. These include the additional avionics which in turn carries out navigation and flight computer control, an experimentation computer, a GPS receiver and radio communications (Freed, 2006). Cost: The cost for this project has not been disclosed, although budget was kept. C. How did the project fit against the nine Project management Knowledge areas Integration Management focuses on the larger tasks that must be done for the project to work. Thus it is the practise of ensuring that every part of the project is coordinated. The project manager must be very competent at this to ensure that the project runs smoothly. The Autonomous Rotorcraft project manager planned well, as they took many things into consideration regarding this. As mentioned earlier, the project manager used techniques to establish motivation for team members. The main technique was scheduling regular meetings and demonstrating the teams current accomplishments. From these meetings the project manager could then provide additional recourses for the project in areas that need supplemental information. Thus the project was executed successfully and a high level of integration management was achieved. The second knowledge area of Scope Management is the details and processes of the project. It is important to have a detailed plan before beginning the project. This meaning a clear goal. Which is very clear; ‘To develop an unmanned helicopter’. Whilst it is beneficial to understand the scope of the project it is also important to understand that changes may occur during the project, which fall under this specific knowledge area. Due to the favourable outcome of the project, scope management was achieved, as challenges and communication were met effectively. Similarly to this is time management, the ARP met all scheduling goals and completed each phase with no scheduling delays. Thus it is understood that, the project had sufficient resources and a good time management plan. Cost management is just as valuable as time management. This knowledge area includes cost estimating and budgeting. Once the cost for the ARP project was estimated, the project manager must control the cost and make changes to the budget as needed. The cost of the project would have been fluctuating as the accuracy changes as the project would have progressed. Furthermore, quality management is an important knowledge area as the ARP would have had to have been measured against a similar predetermined acceptable measure. The project manager would of created a quality management plan early on in the project, as this effects other areas such as scope, time cost and most importantly risk. Human resource management is responsible for the project organisation, the selection of team members on the ARP (assigning staff) and project organisation. Whilst the project manager assesses the performance of the team, so does human resource management from a different perspective – this also includes the project manner. Along with this comes communication management, which is very important in the ARP. This includes the ARP project website, that was created to keep NASA computer information and communications technology program for upper management and stake holders to be aware of the projects progression. The team also provided project updaters to potential customers, which include; The Department of Homeland Security, the National Technology transfer centre and other NASA researchers. . This type of communication management offers dual benefits as it is marketing the rotorcraft and maintaining a strong customer base for future projects. As well as this, all the material communicated was accessible to the team via the website, these included; flight plans, authorised documents, scheduling and media. Another project management area is Risk management, this involves how risks are managed on the project. The project manager must identify these challenges and plan how the team will respond to them in a positive manner. These risks included, coordinating the ARP project team, as it consisted of people from a plethora of different backgrounds and thus the project manager ensured communication stayed strong. Another challenge that the team was faced with as scheduling flight tests, this took more time than originally anticipated and therefore ran risk of delays, to combat this more time was put foreword to ensure that there was no future delays. Lastly is procurement management, this is a set of processes that links to the supply chain sector of the ARP project. It is when goods or services need to be obtained from an outside organisations. The project manager plans these purchases of products that cannot be provided from their own company. This is important as it links directly with quality management, this is because it is difficult to ensure quality is delivered from an outside supplier at an appropriate cost that meets budget. Conclusion It must be reiterated that The Autonomous Rotorcraft Project was executed successfully. There are many areas that need to be covered by the project team in order for this to be a smooth operation. Whilst there are some areas that are of more importance to others, it is ideal to have a team that can respond to all positive and negative situations that the project may encounter. The ARP project, fitted well against all nine Project Management areas, thus NASA expressed a high level of satisfaction with the project.

An Argument Against Racial Profiling by Police - 1379 Words

Racial profiling in the dictionary is â€Å"the assumption of criminality among ethnic groups: the alleged policy of some police to attribute criminal intentions to members of some ethnic groups and to stop and question them in disproportionate numbers without probable cause (â€Å"Racial Profiling†).† In other words racial profiling is making assumptions that certain individuals are more likely to be involved in misconduct or criminal activity based on that individual’s race or ethnicity. Racial profiling propels a brutalizing message to citizens of the United States that they are pre-judged by the color of their skin rather than who they are and this then leads to assumptions of ruthlessness inside the American criminal justice system. With†¦show more content†¦Hispanics, Mexicans, and Latin Americans do not only face discrimination on the roadways but also in areas of immigration law enforcement due to past incidents in America with people of their et hnicity. In 2010 an American citizen of Mexican descent and his family were coming back to America from a family trip to Mexico, when him and his family, including his eighteen month old son, were subjected to an additional screening and special search because of their origin. In New Jersey 2007 police referred around 10,000 individuals who they believed to be undocumented to Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE), and less than 1,500 of those referred to ICE had immigration offenses. Even though nearly ninety percent of those referred were legal residents or U.S citizens, they were all still jailed for a few days, resulting, once again in unjust treatment of American citizens because of the color of their skin (The Reality of Racial Profiling). Although racial profiling often times affects blacks more than any other race on a day to day basis, many other races and ethnic groups are faced with racial profiling in more sever situations such as terrorism. Since the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001, Arabs and Muslims have been racially profiledShow MoreRelated An Argument Against Racial Profiling by Police Essay example834 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will bring to light the problem of racial profiling in the police force and propose the eradication of any discrimination. The Fourth Amendment states â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† DespiteRead MoreThe Problem With Racial Profiling1561 Words   |  7 Pages we have a problem in our justice system with racial profiling. Racial profiling is defined as targeting or stopping an individual based on his or her race without suspicion of a crime. 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This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profiling, suchRead MoreRacial Profiling in Canada1166 Words   |  5 PagesRacial profiling is the act of selecting targets for criminal investigation not on behavioural merit, but exclusively on markers of personal identity such as race, ethnicity, and religious orientation (Perry, 2011, p.9). In other words, racial profiling is the by-product of subjecting individuals who are from a particular racial community to a higher degree of scrutiny and surveillance by criminal justice system agents when compared to other racial communities (Wortley and Owusu-Bempah, 2011, p.135)